زبان و زبان‌شناسي

جملات شرطی

conditionals

conditional (I)

شرطی نوع اول

If she studies well, she will pass all exams.

She will pass all exams if she studies well. =

If he exercises more, he can be successful in the match.

=He can be successful in the match if he exercises more.

If it is sunny, we may go to picnic.

= We may go to picnic if it is sunny.

If he is a pilot, he himself must fly by airplane.

= He himself must fly by airplane if he is a pilot.

conditional (II)

شرطی نوع دوم

If she studied well, she would pass all exams.

She would pass all exams if she studied well. =

If he exercised more, he could be successful in the match.

=He could be successful in the match if he exercised more.

If it was sunny, we might go to picnic.

= We might go to picnic if it was sunny.

If he was a pilot, he himself had to fly by airplane.

= He himself had to fly by airplane if he was a pilot.

مجهول برای فعل  کمکی صرفی (auxiliary verb)

معلوم active                                         مجهول  passive

Mary writes a letter.                        A letter is written (by Mary).

Mary is writing a letter.                   A letter is being written (by Mary).

Mary has written a letter.               A letter has been written (by Mary).

Mary has been writing a letter.     A letter has been being written (by Mary).

معلوم active                                          مجهول  passive

Mary wrote a letter.                         A letter was written (by Mary).

Mary was writing a letter.               A letter was being written (by Mary).

Mary had written a letter.               A letter had been written (by Mary).

Mary had been writing a letter.     A letter had been being written (by Mary).

معلوم active                                                   مجهول  passive

Mary will write a letter.                            A letter will be written (by Mary).

Mary will be writing a letter.                   A letter will be being written (by Mary).

Mary will have written a letter.               A letter will have been written (by Mary).

Mary will have been writing a letter.     A letter will have been being written (by Mary).

معلوم active                                                                                      مجهول  passive

Mary would write a letter.                                                          A letter would be written (by Mary).

Mary would be writing a letter.                                                 A letter would be being written (by Mary).

Mary would have written a letter.                                            A letter would have been written (by Mary).

Mary would have been writing a letter.                                   A letter would have been being written (by Mary).

مجهول برای فعل  کمکی وجهی (modal verb)

معلوم active                                      مجهول  passive

Mary can write a letter.               A letter can be written (by Mary).

Mary could write a letter.           A letter could be written (by Mary).

Mary shall write a letter.             A letter shall be written (by Mary).

Mary should write a letter.         A letter should be written (by Mary).

Mary may write a letter.              A letter may be written (by Mary).

Mary might write a letter.           A letter might be written (by Mary).

Mary must write a letter.            A letter must be written (by Mary).

Mary has to write a letter.          A letter has to be written (by Mary).

Mary is able to write a letter.     A letter is able to be written (by Mary).